NETHANEL BEN MOSES HA-LEVI
- NETHANEL BEN MOSES HA-LEVI
- NETHANEL BEN MOSES HA-LEVI (12th century),
gaon and rosh yeshivah in cairo . Nethanel
inherited his position from his father Moses and according to documents
of the cairo genizah , he held this position from 1160 to 1170. At
that time, the role and the authority of the Cairo rosh
yeshivah increased to a considerable extent because, after the
death of samuel b. hananiah , the position of the nagid was
weakened as a result of the activities of zuta . Nethanel
appointed judges and other religious officials in all the communities of
Egypt and he headed the great bet din. He received a letter
of ordination from R. Daniel b. Ḥasdai , the exilarch in
baghdad , who thus sought to impose his authority on Egyptian
Jewry; on the other hand, samuel b. eli , the head of the
yeshivah of Baghdad, supported the geonim of
damascus . benjamin of tudela , the 12th-century
traveler, relates that Nethanel was in royal service. In 1171 Nethanel
was succeeded by maimonides as head of the Jews. For some unknown
reason Maimonides was compelled to give way to sar shalom ha-levi
, the brother of Nethanel.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Mann, Egypt, 1 (1920), 234–5, 237; 2 (1922), 292ff.; Mann, Texts, 1
(1931), 230–1, 257–62; Assaf, in: Tarbiz, 1:3 (1929/30), 68;
idem, Be-Oholei Ya'akov (1943), 91; Goitein, in:
Tarbiz, 33 (1963/64),
184.
(Eliyahu Ashtor)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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